Haywood Spangler's favorite critical thinking books for the intellectually curious

I find that Frankenstein transcends eras by posing critical questions about the ways we develop and use new technology.

I first read a comic-book version in elementary school and have returned to Shelly’s novel over the years because it stimulates my critical thinking about technology, particularly the current rise of AI and our response to it. Frankenstein raises a fundamental ethical question about technology in real life: just because humans can create something, should they actually create it?

For me, the novel also creates the opportunity to explore questions about how we engage technology once we choose to invent it. Dr. Frankenstein abandons his creation, and the creature becomes an angry monster. I ask myself, is this an allegory for our own response to technology?

For me, this book stimulates analysis of the relationship between technology and human flourishing, as well as the state’s role in using technology to promote the public good.

I first read Brave New World because it was assigned in a high school English class. I later asked students to read it when I was teaching biomedical ethics at a university.

Whereas Dr. Frankenstein’s creation is the single product of a “mad genius” in an otherwise “normal” world, the brave new world is an entire civilization transformed by technology. Because of this vision of a civilization dominated by technology and a totalitarian government, I recently returned to Brave New World.

The novel provoked me to consider the reasons we even develop new technologies—what do and should they provide us?  

I find this book answers questions many people ask: Why aren’t we always logical? What gets in the way of our making effective decisions?

I first read this book when I started my consulting practice and realized I needed to combine psychology with philosophy in teaching critical thinking in professional settings. People want to understand why we can be unreasonable in the first place. Kahneman’s book helped me improve my own thinking, making me aware of the ways my previous experiences quickly provide interpretations of new experiences.

I find the ability to “hit the pause button” regarding my response to a specific situation and to ask myself, “Is my immediate, intuitive response useful or misleading me?” is one of my most important insights from this book.

This book is a go-to for me because it presents problem-solving and decision-making as a dynamic mental process of testing hypotheses and making predictive judgements.

When I was transitioning from a leadership position to building a consulting practice, I viewed critical thinking as understanding the rules of logic and the ability to analyze arguments. This book expanded my perspective to see how critical thinking also involves memory, language processing, imagination, and self-concept.

Regarding my self-concept, I found Halpern’s recommendation that we approach problem-solving as “intuitive scientists” very useful. Seeing myself as an intuitive scientist helps me approach problems and decisions with curiosity, as an inquirer, rather than with an internal ultimatum: “This has to be resolved, now!”

I value this book because it showed me the importance of reasoning by analogy and using metaphors in critical thinking.

Although a secondary benefit of this book is demystifying how lawyers work, a primary benefit is recognizing how to adapt what already exists in day-to-day problem-solving. By describing how lawyers are trained to draw connections between sometimes disparate situations to argue for a particular ruling, the book showed me ways to be more creative in combining things I already have on hand—data, methods, theories—to solve problems and make decisions.

(Imagine a cognitive version of the 1980s TV secret agent MacGyver, who could use things like chewing gum and shoe strings to defuse a bomb.)