100 Books Like Islamophobia in Muslim Majority Societies

This book provided me with the keys to understanding how the authorities' actions could bring racism to life. Arun Kundnani's book shows how the horrific attacks of September 11 gave rise to the construction of ideologies, opinions, theories, and public policies that regarded the domestic Muslim presence, whether immigrants or citizens, as a threat to the highest order, justifying programs of surveillance and repression that were discriminatory and infringed fundamental freedoms. 

It's one thing for the country to protect itself from violent attacks; it's quite another to consider a mass of Muslims, especially the most visible ones, as a threat and a suspect population by associating religious practice with Islamism or radicalization. These two vague notions have helped to spread an Islamophobic culture of suspicion. Arun Kundnani's book sheds much-needed light on this turning point in contemporary history in various Western democracies.

When I arrived in the USA, I particularly appreciated the great freedom granted to religions. Then I was invited by Sahar Aziz to a conference at Rutgers University. Her talk moderated my point of view. The book she published three years later changed my outlook.

In this book, Sahar Aziz chooses an original angle of analysis. She examines the paradox between an official commitment to religious freedom and repeated attacks on it when it comes to Muslims. Dr. Aziz shows that this is possible when Muslims go from being a religious minority to a racial group through the process of racialization that associates them with stereotypes and intangible cultural traits.

Religious discrimination then becomes possible under the guise of security and terrorism prevention measures, as long as the threat is strictly associated with religious faith and practice and not with political or geopolitical motivations. Moreover, according to Sahar Aziz, this… show more.

As I'm keen for American readers to learn more about the French situation, I'd also like to suggest this book by Jim Wolfreys, which clearly shows that, unlike in countries where Islamophobia is primarily the result of right-wing and far-right ideologies, the French situation is more complex, as this form of racism often wears the respectable garb of defending the republic, feminism, secularism or tradition.

We owe this expression “respectable racism” to a French-Algerian sociologist and activist, Said Bouamama, whose struggles since the 1980s have been remarkable.

There are many remedies for racism, including education, transmission, and prevention. So as not to limit myself to the human and social sciences, I suggest this children's novel by Ayaan Mohamud. It's an embodied account, a fictionalized testimony that we discover by following Hanan, the main character, who attends a prestigious school where she is subjected to a very routine form of Islamophobic ostracism.

She follows her mother's advice to stay the course and not overreact for a while. But after a tragedy, this position is no longer tenable and she makes her voice heard, in other words, she takes her place as a visible Muslim in American society in a different way.

This novel will delight young and old alike and is a good complement to the more scientific works cited in this list of recommendations. It was originally written for my children, so they wouldn't shut up.

I write about Islamophobia in the US but often wonder how it manifests in other countries. I now know where to go for answers.

This book examines Muslim racialization in four countries – the US, the UK, India, and China. It takes readers through the history of Islamophobia in each country, examining the role of media in stereotyping and Othering Muslims. Importantly, the book also explains how anti-Muslim racism has figured in recent ethnonationalist movements and counterterrorism policies.

Did you know that anti-Muslim racism and white supremacy are interrelated?

Razack’s book helps us understand why Islamophobia should be understood as a form of racism rather than religious discrimination. She powerfully shows that anti-Muslim racism is not unique to the political right and does not always take overt forms like “the Muslim ban.” Rather, it can manifest in liberal commitments to Western values of democracy, secularism, and women’s rights.

Razack argues that “anti-Muslim feelings” uphold infrastructures of white supremacy and laws that authorize racial violence.

One problem with recommending books on this topic is that there are so many good ones, so what makes this one stand out? Beydoun talks directly from his own personal experience as a human being and his expertise in law. 

While he only addresses the USA, much that Khaled says has far wider resonances, which make it worthwhile reading for everyone. What really stays in my mind from this book is Beydoun’s legal scholarship.

Sometimes discussion about prejudice is quite abstract and about an ethos of prejudice. What he details are point-by-point legal cases where judges make decisions based on perceptions of skin colour, ethnicity, and presumed religion to decide what rights people have, what citizenship they can have, and where they can live.

This choice might be idiosyncratic, but it is one that deeply matters to how I think about the wider question of religious hatred.

In short, if we want to understand any form of prejudice, or the reasons why one group of people hates another group of people, why one group of people is disadvantaged in society compared to others, then we need to understand the question of how different types of prejudice relate to each other.

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Western societies often spoke of a “Jewish question” (or problem). In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, this has become a “Muslim question” (or problem). Sometimes it is hard to tell the difference except the group the enmity is directed against, but it’s often both.

This is a remarkable book that offers a clear historical overview of Islamophobia in the US, going back several centuries.

Kumar shows that it is geopolitics that shapes whether Muslims are seen as friends or enemies. Thus the origin of Islamophobia is not a problem with Islam itself, but rather in US endeavors to remain a global empire. Besides Islamophobia, the books offers clear explanations to understand terrorism, the War on Terror, and empire.

If some books inspire a rethink of recent history through hundreds of pages of forensic evidence or rigorous theory, Emtithal Mahmoud’s poetry recasts big questions that African societies have struggled with by weaving together hard-hitting metaphors and stunning phrases to open up new worlds of possibility and loss.

I find Emi’s writing an incredible call for solidarity, compassion, and the shattering of barriers—whether through the tender or the raw, the unspeakable or the gushing, the blistering and the comforting. A set of poems I return to regularly for perspective, whether on personal dilemmas, the contraptions of unity and division, or the political currency of love and othering.