The best nineteenth-century city mysteries novels from a fan

This book began the entire City Mysteries genre. When French novelist Eugène Sue published it serially in 1842-1843, it took the world by storm and became an instant bestseller. I love the intrigue in the novel. The main character, Prince Rodolphe, is in disguise as a working man in Paris among criminals and the poor with the intent to help them.

I love how the novel shows the complex personalities of the different characters and their backstories, explaining how many became criminals. The novel is full of Gothic atmosphere and helped to change the Gothic from being set in crumbling castles and the past to the present-day and the modern city. This Gothic cityscape reflected the trauma and displacement many felt living in crime-ridden metropolises.

The Mysteries of Paris was so popular that Alexandre Dumas’ publisher wanted him to write a similar novel. The result was this book (1845), which focuses on Edmond Dantès, who is unjustly imprisoned by his enemies. Upon escaping and finding a great treasure, Dantès disguises himself as the Count of Monte Cristo and begins to exact his revenge.

The novel enters the criminal world of both Marseille and Paris. The count creates mystery by being a master of disguise and manipulating events without his victims knowing his identity or why their lives are crumbling. At the same time, the count is not without compassion and questions the morality of his own actions, thereby raising the novel to the status of true literature.

British author George W. M. Reynolds had no qualms about stealing Sue’s idea and title and writing his own book called The Mysteries of London (1844-1846). I love this novel for its sensationalism, which caused it to be the ultimate Victorian bestseller, even outselling Dickens.

The novel brings together criminals, women forced into prostitution, murderers, crossdressers, and royalty. At the heart of it is the story of the Markham brothers, one good, one evil. We follow their paths as they interact with all the other people in London and become embroiled in conspiracies. One of them even ends up marrying royalty and ruling a small European country. Reynolds’ bold writing style and mastery of multiple plots makes this 2,500-page novel highly readable and shocking even today.

This book might as well have been named The Mysteries of Philadelphia. It was the first American City Mysteries novel. Again, we see a plethora of good and bad characters and mysterious events occurring that many of the characters do not understand because criminals and a secret society manipulate innocent citizens.

My favorite part of the novel is the character Bug, who appears less than human. Another striking moment is a prophetic vision in which “Sodom” is destroyed and Independence Hall is in ruins, symbolizing how the birthplace of independence has failed to live up to the American Revolution’s ideals. The author, George Lippard, who was a friend of Edgar Allan Poe, offers a dark social critique of 1840s America.

This stands out from City Mysteries novels because it is nonfiction. Charlotte Führer borrows the City Mysteries title to share her true recollections of being a midwife in Montreal, and her real-life experiences are just as shocking as anything in Sue or Reynolds’ novels.

As a midwife, Führer found herself having to keep many secrets since she was frequently called upon to be discreet in delivering illegitimate children in nineteenth-century Montreal. The book is written as a series of stories about different childbirths she was involved in, and she often provides updates on what happened to the people involved. I love how it is gossipy and shows that City Mysteries fiction was not so sensational that it wasn’t accurately reflected in real life.